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Trigger Framework in Salesforce: A Complete Guide for Developers

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Trigger Framework in Salesforce

In Salesforce development, writing scalable and maintainable Apex code is essential for long-term success. One of the best practices to achieve this is implementing a trigger framework. In this article, we will explore what a trigger framework in Salesforce is, why it matters, and how you can build one for enterprise-grade applications.

What is a Trigger Framework in Salesforce?

A trigger framework in Salesforce is a structured design pattern that separates trigger logic from business logic. It helps in organizing code in a way that is reusable, testable, and easy to maintain. Instead of placing all logic inside triggers, developers delegate operations like insert, update, delete, or undelete to dedicated handler classes.

Why Use a Trigger Framework in Salesforce?

Here are several benefits of using a trigger framework in Salesforce:

  • Avoids trigger recursion

  • Improves readability and reusability

  • Supports multiple objects and trigger events

  • Follows Single Responsibility Principle

  • Enables easier testing and debugging

  • Supports future scalability

Core Components of a Salesforce Trigger Framework

To build a strong trigger framework in Salesforce, you typically include the following components:

1. Trigger Entry Point

This is the actual trigger file (e.g., AccountTrigger) that only calls the handler class.

apex
trigger AccountTrigger on Account (before insert, before update, after insert, after update) {
TriggerHandler handler = new AccountTriggerHandler();
handler.run(Trigger.isBefore, Trigger.isAfter, Trigger.operationType, Trigger.new, Trigger.old);
}

2. Trigger Handler Class

This class contains the logic for different DML operations and helps in separating logic based on trigger events.

apex

public class AccountTriggerHandler extends TriggerHandler {

public override void beforeInsert(List<SObject> newList) {
// Custom logic here
}

public override void afterInsert(List<SObject> newList) {
// Custom logic here
}
}

3. Base Trigger Handler (Abstract Class)

An abstract class that provides method signatures and default implementations to be overridden by specific handlers.

apex
public abstract class TriggerHandler {
public virtual void beforeInsert(List<SObject> newList) {}
public virtual void afterInsert(List<SObject> newList) {}
public virtual void beforeUpdate(List<SObject> newList, List<SObject> oldList) {}
public virtual void afterUpdate(List<SObject> newList, List<SObject> oldList) {}public void run(Boolean isBefore, Boolean isAfter, System.TriggerOperation operation, List<SObject> newList, List<SObject> oldList) {
// Control flow to call appropriate method
}
}

Best Practices While Implementing a Trigger Framework in Salesforce

  • One trigger per object – Always have a single trigger for each object to avoid unexpected behavior.

  • Use context variables – Ensure you’re using Trigger.isInsert, Trigger.isUpdate, etc., to manage logic flow.

  • Prevent recursion – Use static variables or recursion flags to avoid infinite loops.

  • Group logic by domain – Use helper classes for business logic and keep handlers focused on trigger context.

  • Unit test everything – Write test classes with at least 75% coverage to meet Salesforce requirements.

When Should You Use a Trigger Framework?

You should consider implementing a Salesforce trigger framework when:

  • Working on enterprise applications with multiple developers

  • You expect future business logic expansion

  • You’re building applications meant to scale and evolve

  • You want to maintain a clean separation of concerns between business and technical logic

Real-World Use Case

Let’s say you want to auto-assign an Account owner based on region during account creation. Instead of putting this logic directly in the trigger, use a handler class. This way, if requirements change in the future (like reassigning owners based on industry), you only need to update the handler logic.

FAQs

What is the main purpose of using a trigger framework in Salesforce?

The main purpose is to promote clean, reusable, and organized Apex code by separating business logic from trigger logic.

Can a trigger framework handle multiple objects?

Yes, each object can have its own trigger and corresponding handler, and you can reuse base classes and design patterns across multiple objects.

How do I prevent recursion in a trigger framework?

Use static variables or a recursion handler utility class to track trigger execution and prevent infinite loops.

You may like: Platform Event Trap in Salesforce

Final Thoughts

A robust trigger framework in Salesforce is a hallmark of clean Apex development. It not only makes your codebase easier to manage but also sets you up for future enhancements with minimal technical debt. Whether you are working on small orgs or complex enterprise setups, implementing a trigger framework ensures stability, consistency, and scalability.

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